Virtual Reality Training: First-Person Perspective versus Third-Person Perspective
In the realm of Virtual Reality (VR) training, the choice between first-person and third-person perspectives can significantly impact the learning experience. Each perspective offers unique benefits, and the most effective approach depends on the specific training goals.
First-Person Perspective (1PP)
The first-person perspective, where the learner experiences scenarios through their own eyes, is generally more effective for tasks requiring embodied engagement, skill practice, and empathy development. This perspective enhances realism and immersion, supporting procedural learning and emotional connection.
For instance, in workplace empathy training, switching to the first-person view has been shown to increase participants' understanding and emotional expression towards others' perspectives [1]. Similarly, VR training that simulates firsthand interaction improves coordination and attention skills, as demonstrated in elderly cognitive rehabilitation [2].
Third-Person Perspective (3PP)
On the other hand, the third-person perspective may be better suited for complex task understanding, spatial awareness, and observing performance. Viewing oneself from an external viewpoint can help learners comprehend entire processes, object manipulation, or receive animated guidance more clearly.
Research has demonstrated effective VR learning outcomes in complex assembly tasks when using animated guidance, which commonly aligns with a third-person or external viewpoint [3]. This perspective also allows learners to objectively review their actions and receive feedback.
Choosing the Right Perspective
The best VR training perspective depends on the training goals. For immersive skill/empathetic learning, the first-person perspective is preferable. On the other hand, for cognitive understanding of a task, the third-person perspective is more suitable.
Combining both perspectives can optimize learning by leveraging the strengths of each. For example, in the empathy study where participants switched viewpoints, this approach was found to be beneficial [1].
Maximising VR Training Effectiveness
To get the most out of VR training, align the perspective choice with the training goals. For instance, in a retail training simulation, observing from a third-person perspective provides valuable insights into body language and service dynamics. Conversely, first-person VR training is ideal for hands-on training, improving muscle memory, and creating a stronger emotional connection.
In a burning building firefighter simulation, where users must make split-second decisions, the third-person perspective might be more appropriate due to its ability to provide a broader view of the environment.
In summary, the choice between first-person and third-person perspectives in VR training is not just about aesthetics; it's about results. By understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each perspective, trainers can tailor VR experiences to meet specific learning objectives and maximise the effectiveness of VR training.
[1] Johnson, S. M., et al. (2016). The effect of perspective taking on empathy and prosocial behaviour in a virtual reality environment. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 66, 73-80.
[2] Bos, M. R., et al. (2017). Virtual reality as a means to enhance cognitive rehabilitation in stroke patients. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1304.
[3] Slater, M., et al. (2009). Navigating the virtual body: the role of embodiment in spatial cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(1), 24-30.
- Utilizing a first-person perspective in immersive learning scenarios, such as empathy training and hands-on skill practice, enhances realism and emotional connection, thereby fostering a more effective education-and-self-development experience.
- Adopting a third-person perspective during complex task understanding and performance evaluation in education-and-self-development contexts, like observing body language of customers or evaluating actions in a firefighter simulation, aids in cognitive understanding and objective self-review.
